1. Battery components: batteries, rechargeable batteries, composition: zinc skin (metal), carbon rod, mercury, sulfuric acid compounds, copper cap; batteries with lead-based compounds. For example: 1, the composition of waste dell inspiron 1564 battery, dell inspiorn 1764 battery zinc-manganese batteries, weighing 70 grams, of which carbon rod 5.2 grams, 7.0 grams of zinc skin, manganese powder 25 grams, 0.5 gram of copper cap, the other 32 grams.
2. Battery Type: Battery mainly disposable batteries, rechargeable batteries and car batteries. Disposable batteries, including button batteries, ordinary batteries and alkaline manganese, disposable batteries more mercury. Secondary battery mainly refers to rechargeable batteries containing cadmium. Automotive Waste Batteries contain acid and heavy metals lead.
3. The quantity of batteries: DC, MP3 and other digital products with a whopping speed of development, but also are using the battery, battery usage is increasing rapidly, if they are not put into action, the battery will happen sooner or later the phenomenon of Mt.
Waste battery looks modest, but the harm had been great. If you know the battery contains mercury, cadmium and lead metals harm, you will know that waste batteries much.
Waste Battery hazards
Battery products harmful to the environment are mainly acid, alkali and other electrolyte solution and heavy metal pollution. Pollutants in different types of batteries are also different.
In general, the battery of harmful substances are mainly Zn, Hg, CNi, Pb and other heavy metals; lead-acid batteries in the H2S04; a variety of alkaline batteries and lithium batteries KOH electrolyte, etc. IiPP6 hp pavilion dv9000 battery, hp pavilion dv8000 battery. Hg and its compounds, especially organic mercury compounds, has a strong biological toxicity, bioconcentration faster rate and a longer biological half-life of brain organs. Easy Cd accumulation in plants and animals in vivo, affecting the growth of plants and animals, are highly toxic. Pb on the person's chest, kidney, reproductive, cardiovascular and other organs and systems have adversely affected the performance of mental decline, kidney damage, infertility and high blood pressure. Zn, Ni toxicity is relatively small, but more than a certain concentration range, would have adverse effects and harm the human body. Waste battery acid, alkaline hydrolysis would affect the quality of the soil solution, the pH value of water benefits, so that soil and water acidification or alkalization. Battery electrolyte composition of pollution is one of the major components of soluble heavy metals, particularly lead-acid batteries in a large number of sulfuric acid electrolyte lead and nickel-cadmium batteries cadmium hydroxide. Batteries of heavy metal ions dissolved in the soil or water the roots of plants and is absorbed, when the animals to plants as food-stuffs, the body will accumulate heavy metals. Human eating food containing heavy metals, vegetables and meat, water, along the food chain, heavy metal accumulation within the dell latitude e6400 battery, dell latitude e6500 battery body would be. As the heavy metal ions in the body difficult to excrete, will eventually damage the nervous system and liver function.
Waste Battery Recycling Study
2.1 Waste Battery Recycling Status
Domestic use, most lead-acid battery industry battery, lead storage batteries accounted for more than 50% of the total cost, mainly in the fire, wet metallurgical processes, as well as solid-phase electro-reduction technology. The outer shell is plastic, can be regenerated, the basic realization of no secondary pollution.
Small secondary batteries are currently used by more nickel-cadmium, nickel hydrogen and lithium-ion batteries, nickel-cadmium batteries, cadmium is a strictly controlled environment, one of heavy metal elements, lithium-ion batteries in the organic electrolyte, nickel cadmium, nickel metal hydride battery The alkaline battery of supporting materials and manufacture of copper and other heavy metals, constitute environmental pollution. A small secondary battery current total is only hundreds of millions of domestic use only, and most of the smaller, low value waste batteries to use, coupled with the use of scattered, most for domestic waste disposal, there is the cost of their recovery and management of problem of recycling there are some technical problems.
Civil Battery is the toshiba pa3534u-1brs battery, toshiba pa3535u-1brs battery use of the largest and most scattered battery products, the domestic annual consumption of 8 billion. There are two series of zinc-manganese and alkaline manganese, as well as a small amount of zinc-silver, lithium batteries and other varieties. Zinc-manganese batteries, alkaline zinc-manganese batteries, zinc-silver batteries are normally used for mercury or mercury compounds as corrosion inhibitor, mercury and mercury compounds are highly toxic substances. Waste batteries as living garbage incineration, the waste batteries Hg, Cd, Pb, Zn and other heavy metal part of the row of people at a high temperature atmosphere, to become part of the ash, resulting in secondary pollution.
2.2 Recycling of Waste Dry Battery Technology
a. Artificial separation recycling technology
The general classification is dry, cut open a simple mechanical, artificial leather isolated zinc, plastic cover, carbon rods and so on, the remnants of Mn02, water, a mixture of manganese stone anyone to return to brick kiln calcination, made of dehydrated Mn02, this method simple, but the occupation of labor are more cost-effective small.
b. Pyro-recycling technology
Generally is dry classification, broken, into the rotary kiln at 1100 ~ 1300 degrees Celsius of high temperatures, zinc and zinc chloride is oxidized to zinc oxide with the flue gas exhaust, with cyclone recovery of gateway nv-56 keyboard, gateway nv-59 keyboard zinc oxide, the remaining two manganese oxide and manganese stones into the water, residues, further recovery of manganese and other substances, this method is easy, the average smelter Needless to additional equipment can be recycled zinc.
c. Wet-recycling technology
According to zinc, manganese dioxide can be dissolved in acid in principle, the waste dry batteries classification, broken, placed in leaching tanks, by adding dilute sulfuric acid (100 ~ 120g / L) for leaching obtained zinc sulfate solution, the rule of law must be used electrolytic metal zinc, copper residues separated by washing cap, carbon rods, the residues Mn02, water, stone by calcination of manganese obtained Mn02. The methods used to roast a leaching method and direct leaching.
Wet and fire wears compared with less investment, low cost, factory speed, high-profit, technical flexibility and other advantages, but can not guarantee full recovery of harmful ingredients.
3. Battery recycling use of the process of secondary pollution prevention
The above three types of recovery methods are simple, but have less, there is a secondary pollution problem, measured by a large number of experiments, we have a viable method of secondary pollution prevention and control.
Waste dry batteries first classification to mechanistic cut open, the isolated copper cap, zinc skin, respectively recycled. The remaining carbon package of material through the magnetic iron, press the solid-liquid ratio 1:4 of sony vaio vgn-fz240e battery, sony vaio vgn-fz460e battery flooding the system with the 1 hour, take the upper clear liquid to evaporation, crystallization, the main component of sediment is Mn02, MnO (OH), acetylene black , Carbon and other substances, by adding refining kiln to 600 degrees Celsius, the resulting smoke was condensed by the condensing fluid after regular cleaning can be very pure mercury. But also to prevent the mercury vapor pollution of the environment. In the calcination process, the mixture in a large number of acetylene black and carbon, will Mn02 restore MnO. The reaction process is as follows: 2Mn0 2 + C ---> 2MnO + C0 2. To the calcined material by solid-liquid ratio 1:4 by adding the concentration of less than 2mol / L sulfuric acid solution, the temperature 80 ℃, soaked 1 hour, reaction occurs as follows: MnO + H 2 S0 4 ---> MnS0 4 + H 2 0. to be manganese sulfate salt solution at the same time, will also be introducing other soluble heavy metals, sulfate.
Derived from metals such as zinc and copper skin melting can be directly used, ammonium chloride can be produced as a chemical fertilizer or purification reagents, manganese sulfate, animals, plant growth hormone ingredients can be used to paint the ink drying agents and some organic synthesis reactions catalyst, in addition is also used in paper making, ceramics, printing and dyeing and the production of manganese reagents. Table 1 shows the zinc-manganese dry battery of recyclable material elements.
This means less investment recovery, using a simple equipment, easy to be achieved in the medium and small cities, thus eliminating the transport of waste batteries.
After the battery recycling solution, concentrated, and the reaction of metal complexes with EDTA can be the total elimination of secondary pollution. The determination of the solution after the recovery of used batteries of heavy metals contained in line with national environmental standards. To separate these lenovo thinkpad sl410 battery, lenovo thinkpad sl510 battery metals, the use of its stability in different scalable processing. Table 2 for the metal ions and EDTA complexing stability constant.
4 battery recycling process of waste problems and suggestions
① After battery recycling can not be disposed, generally used pile. Piling up the process of the battery may leak or toxic substances from proliferating.
② As the batteries are different types of counterfeit products and more battery recycling also create difficulties, and some battery is mercury batteries, either cadmium batteries, and some with ammonium chloride as the electrolyte, while others have Zeyi chloride zinc as the electrolyte, it is proposed to use a uniform standard manufacturers logo battery types and contains the main ingredients for recycling.
③ enhance the development of high-performance environment-friendly batteries to achieve common civilian mercury-free batteries.
④ recycling of waste batteries, national policies should be given support.
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